Public Health Guide
Symptoms & Prevention
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) progresses quickly. Early recognition and safe cleanup practices are the most effective defenses.
Recognize the progression
Early (1–5 days)
- ▸Fever and chills
- ▸Severe muscle aches (thighs, hips, back)
- ▸Headache
- ▸Fatigue
- ▸Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
Late (4–10 days)
- ▸Coughing
- ▸Shortness of breath
- ▸Chest tightness
- ▸Fluid in the lungs (HPS)
- ▸Rapid clinical deterioration
Case fatality for HPS in the United States historically ranges from 35–40%. Early hospitalization significantly improves outcomes.
Cleaning rodent-affected spaces, safely
The CDC's recommended sequence for cabins, garages, and outbuildings that have been closed for the season.
01
Air out before entering
Open doors and windows of cabins, sheds, or barns for at least 30 minutes before going inside. Leave the area while it ventilates.
02
Never sweep or vacuum
Dry sweeping or vacuuming aerosolizes the virus. Use a wet method only.
03
Disinfect, then wipe
Spray surfaces, droppings, and nests with a 1:10 bleach solution. Let sit 5 minutes, then wipe with paper towels.
04
Wear protection
Use rubber gloves and an N95 respirator at minimum. Wash hands with soap and water afterward.
05
Seal entry points
Close gaps larger than ¼ inch with steel wool, caulk, or hardware cloth. Store food in rodent-proof containers.
06
Seek care early
If you develop fever and muscle aches within 6 weeks of potential rodent exposure, contact a clinician immediately and mention the exposure.
When to call 911
Sudden shortness of breath after rodent exposure is a medical emergency.
HPS can progress from flu-like symptoms to respiratory failure in under 24 hours. If you or someone in your household experiences difficulty breathing within six weeks of potential rodent exposure, do not wait.